Hyperpigmentation is a skin condition characterised by the appearance of dark spots ranging in colour from light brown to black. It occurs due to the excessive production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin colour.
Increased melanin production can result from various factors, the most common being exposure to UV radiation, hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy or from taking contraceptives), inflammatory skin processes (like acne, irritation, or injury), and the effects of certain medications.
To reduce hyperpigmentation, dermatological treatments such as chemical peels and laser therapies are often used. Additionally, creams formulated for hyperpigmentation and other cosmetic products containing active ingredients can be effective. These products specifically target skin lightening and evening out the complexion, especially for facial hyperpigmentation. The most commonly used cosmetic ingredients include vitamin C, niacinamide, azelaic acid, glycolic acid, arbutin, and retinoids.
These ingredients help diminish dark spots through different mechanisms. Some regulate melanin production, others reduce inflammation, while some promote skin renewal. It is important to note that their effectiveness depends on factors such as concentration, product formulation, frequency of use, and individual skin response. Therefore, patience and consistency are essential.
Sun protection is crucial for preventing hyperpigmentation. Sunscreens with SPF help prevent the formation of new dark spots, reduce the risk of worsening existing ones, and help maintain treatment results and an even skin tone.