Exfoliation

Exfoliation is the process of removing dead skin cells. This process helps renew the skin, reduce clogged pores and improve the absorption of active ingredients from skincare products. There are three main types of exfoliation - mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic. Each works in a specific way and is suitable for different skin types:

• Mechanical exfoliation, as the name suggests, involves physically removing dead skin cells by rubbing. It most commonly uses scrubs with fine particles (e.g., sugar, coffee grounds, or seed particles). Additionally, supporting cosmetic tools such as exfoliating cloths, gloves, facial brushes or body sponges are used. This method provides an immediate feeling of smoothness and freshness but can be too harsh for sensitive skin or skin prone to redness and inflammation. Therefore, moderation and careful product selection according to skin type are recommended.
• Chemical exfoliation is achieved by using products containing AHA (glycolic, lactic), BHA (salicylic), or PHA. These gently work to loosen dead skin cells, allowing for easier removal. These active ingredients are found in serums, toners, peels, or masks, which are applied directly to clean, dry skin. Products are usually used in the evening, 1 to 3 times per week, depending on the strength of the formula and skin needs. After chemical exfoliation, the face is typically not rinsed (unless otherwise indicated) but followed by moisturizing care. This method does not require rubbing and is often more effective and gentler. It’s excellent for uneven skin tone, blackheads, and acne.
• Enzymatic exfoliation uses cosmetic products containing natural enzymes from fruits (e.g., papaya, pineapple, pumpkin) that dissolve dead skin cells without acids or rubbing. This is the mildest type of exfoliation and is often chosen by people with sensitive or dry skin because it does not cause irritation, stinging, or redness. Enzymes are most commonly found in masks, gels, or scrubs that are applied to clean skin, left on for 5-10 minutes (or as directed), and then rinsed off with lukewarm water. 

After every exfoliation, the skin becomes more sensitive to the sun, so it is essential to use a sunscreen (SPF), even during winter!