Melanin is a natural pigment that gives colour to the skin, hair and eyes. It is produced by cells called melanocytes, and its main role is to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. When the skin is exposed to the sun, melanin production increases, causing the skin to darken as a natural defence mechanism. Melanin affects skin colour and pigmentation, and its uneven distribution can lead to dark spots or an uneven complexion.
In cosmetics, many products are designed to regulate melanin production in order to help lighten the skin and even out the complexion. Active ingredients such as vitamin C, niacinamide and arbutin act on melanocytes and help reduce dark spots, contributing to a healthier and more uniform skin appearance.
It is important to emphasise that proper sun protection plays a key role in maintaining an even complexion and preventing the formation of new dark spots. Using creams with SPF helps prevent overstimulation of melanin production, thereby reducing the risk of UV-induced skin damage. In addition, the effectiveness of skin-brightening products depends on their formulation, the concentration of active ingredients, and regular use.